No tools or training needed - six passes over the car, in order.
01Documents
Does the name on the V5C match the seller, and are service history and receipts for work available?
Catches a seller who isn't entitled to sell the car, or isn't upfront about it. Service history shows whether it's genuinely been looked after.
02Walk around the outside
Dents, scratches, rust, or mismatched paint panel to panel; are the panel gaps even all the way round? Use your hands and phone torch as well as your eyes.
Mismatched paint or uneven gaps are often the clearest visible sign of bodywork after a knock, even if nobody's mentioned it.
03Tyres (all four)
Even tread depth, no cracking or bulges, nothing obviously mismatched. Check each tyre's age too - the date code is moulded into the sidewall.
One of the few genuinely safety-critical checks anyone can do on the spot. Mismatched tyres can point to a repair or an alignment problem, and can cause issues down the road.
04Under the bonnet
Oil level looks right, no obvious leaks or corrosion, no warning lights once started, no glaringly squeaky clean parts in an otherwise well-used engine bay.
Low oil or a warning light at start-up is often the earliest, cheapest sign of a problem.
05Inside
Seatbelts extend and click properly, no damp smell, dashboard lights clear after starting.
Seatbelts and warning lights are safety equipment, not comfort features. Damp can be an early sign of a leak.
06Test drive
Listen for knocks over bumps, brakes don't pull to one side when applied, gears/clutch feel smooth, no new lights appear. Check reverse and full steering lock both ways too.
Some faults only show up once the car is actually moving, warm, and under load. Always drive safely, make sure you're insured, and don't get distracted - a test drive doesn't require driving outside normal, safe use of the car.